Chinese botanical incense · 香 · 熏香 · 合香
澜灯 LanDeng
A quiet, research-led knowledge platform for Chinese botanical incense: its materials, botanicals, history, terminology, craft and culture.
LanDeng means “lantern on the waves” — a soft glow over still water.
Explore ingredientsWhat is Chinese botanical incense?
A direct answer before a catalog
Chinese botanical incense is the craft of shaping and heating fragrant plant materials — woods, resins, flowers, herbs and spices — into sticks, cones, powders, sachets and other traditional forms. The focus here is knowledge first: each ingredient begins with what it is, how it is made, how it is graded, and how to tell quality from adulteration.
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Ingredients
沉香 chénxiāng
Agarwood (沉香) — Grades & Fakes
Aquilaria spp.
woody · resinous · sweet · complex
ingredient藿香 huòxiāng
Agastache (藿香) — Aromatic Herb
Agastache rugosa
minty · herbal · sweet · anise-like
ingredient米仔兰 mǐzǎilán
Aglaia (米仔兰)
Aglaia odorata
sweet · floral · fruity · delicate
ingredient琥珀 hǔpò
Amber (琥珀) — Fossil Resin
fossil resin (not botanical)
resinous · warm · sweet · balsamic
ingredient龙涎香 lóngxiánxiāng
Ambergris (龙涎香) — Animal Fixative
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) — an animal secretion, not botanical
marine · sweet · earthy · waxy
ingredient砂仁 shārén
Amomum villosum (砂仁)
Amomum villosum (syn. Wurfbainia villosa)
spicy · camphoraceous · warm · slightly bitter
ingredient白芷 báizhǐ
Angelica (白芷) — Aromatic Root
Angelica dahurica
herbal · aromatic · sweet-bitter · slightly spicy
ingredient茴芹 huíqín
Anise (茴芹) — Sweet Licorice Spice
Pimpinella anisum
sweet · licorice · warm · spicy
ingredient杏仁 xìngrén
Apricot Kernel (杏仁) — Fragrant Seed
Prunus armeniaca (apricot kernel)
sweet · nutty · almondy · bitter
ingredient侧柏叶 cèbǎi yè
Arborvitae Leaves (侧柏叶)
Platycladus orientalis (the leafy branchlets)
woody · fresh · green · slightly resinous
ingredient郁金 yùjīn
Aromatic Turmeric (郁金) — Wild Turmeric
Curcuma aromatica
earthy · camphoraceous · warm · slightly bitter
ingredient阿魏 āwèi
Asafoetida (阿魏)
Ferula assa-foetida
pungent · sulfurous · savory · resinous
ingredient细辛 xìxīn
Asarum (细辛) — Pungent Root
Asarum sieboldii
pungent · spicy · rooty · camphoraceous
ingredient苍术 cāngzhú
Atractylodes (苍术) — Herbal Root
Atractylodes lancea
herbal · woody · pungent · earthy
ingredient竹叶 zhúyè
Bamboo Leaves (竹叶) — Fresh Green Leaf
Phyllostachys spp. (the leaves)
green · fresh · grassy · slightly sweet
ingredient含笑花 hánxiào huā
Banana Shrub (含笑花) — Michelia Figo
Michelia figo (syn. Magnolia figo)
sweet · fruity · floral · banana
ingredient木香花 mùxiānghuā
Banksia Rose (木香花)
Rosa banksiae
sweet · floral · honeyed · green
ingredient罗勒 luólè
Basil (罗勒) — Herb of Lan Xiang
Ocimum basilicum
sweet · green · spicy · anise-like
ingredient月桂叶 yuèguì yè
Bay Leaf (月桂叶) — Camphoraceous Herb
Laurus nobilis
herbal · camphoraceous · fresh · slightly sweet
ingredient蜂蜡 fēnglà
Beeswax (蜂蜡) — Wax Binder
Apis cerana & A. mellifera (bee product) — beeswax
waxy · honeyed · warm · slightly sweet
ingredient安息香 ānxīxiāng
Benzoin (安息香) — Sweet Resin
Styrax tonkinensis (Siam); Styrax benzoin / S. paralleloneurus (Sumatra)
sweet · vanilla · balsamic · woody
ingredient佛手柑 fóshǒugān
Bergamot (佛手柑) — Citrus Essential Oil
Citrus × bergamia
citrus · floral · fresh · slightly bitter
ingredient白及 báijí
Bletilla (白及) — Incense Binder Root
Bletilla striata
neutral · slightly sweet · earthy · starchy
ingredient艾纳香 àinàxiāng
Blumea Balsamifera (艾纳香)
Blumea balsamifera
camphoraceous · herbal · cooling · slightly sweet
ingredient龙脑 lóngnǎo
Borneol (龙脑) — Dragon Brain Aromatic
Dryobalanops aromatica (natural d-borneol); also Blumea balsamifera (l-borneol); plus synthetic borneol
camphoraceous · cooling · minty · woody
ingredient龙脑油 lóngnǎo yóu
Borneol Oil (龙脑油) — Aromatic Extract
Dryobalanops aromatica (Borneo camphor tree); also Cinnamomum camphora
camphoraceous · cooling · balsamic · woody
ingredient菖蒲 chāngpú
Calamus (菖蒲) — Spicy Rhizome
Acorus calamus (and related Acorus spp.)
herbal · spicy · sweet · earthy
ingredient樟木 zhāngmù
Camphor (樟木) — Aromatic Laurel Wood
Cinnamomum camphora
camphoraceous · cooling · woody · fresh
ingredient白豆蔻 báidòukòu
Cardamom (白豆蔻) — White Cardamom
Amomum kravanh (white/round cardamom)
camphoraceous · spicy · eucalyptus · warm
ingredient桂枝 guìzhī
Cassia Twig (桂枝) — Aromatic Branch
Cinnamomum cassia (the young twig); syn. C. aromaticum
warm · spicy · sweet · woody
ingredient海狸香 hǎilíxiāng
Castoreum (海狸香)
Castor fiber (Eurasian beaver) — animal secretion
animalic · leathery · smoky · sweet
ingredient雪松 xuěsōng
Cedar (雪松) — Woody Note
Cedrus spp. (true cedar); note 'cedarwood' often = Juniperus virginiana
woody · clean · slightly sweet
ingredient洋甘菊 yánggānjú
Chamomile (洋甘菊) — Apple-Scented Flower
Matricaria chamomilla
sweet · apple-like · floral · hay-like
ingredient白兰花 báilánhuā
Champaca (白兰花) — White Champaca
Michelia alba (syn. Magnolia × alba)
sweet · floral · fruity · heady
ingredient菊花 júhuā
Chrysanthemum (菊花) — Herbal Floral
Chrysanthemum morifolium (and C. indicum)
floral · herbal · bittersweet
ingredient川芎 chuānxiōng
Chuanxiong (川芎) — Aromatic Root
Ligusticum chuanxiong (syn. Conioselinum anthriscoides)
herbal · aromatic · spicy · slightly bitter
ingredient桂皮 guìpí
Cinnamon (桂皮) — Cassia Distinction
Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon/cassia); cf. C. verum (Ceylon cinnamon)
warm · spicy · sweet
ingredient香橼 xiāngyuán
Citron (香橼) — Aromatic Citrus Fruit
Citrus medica
citrus · floral · sweet · slightly bitter
ingredient香茅 xiāngmáo
Citronella (香茅) — Lemongrass
Cymbopogon citratus
citrusy · lemony · fresh · grassy
ingredient灵猫香 língmāoxiāng
Civet (灵猫香)
Civettictis civetta (African civet); Viverricula indica (small Indian civet) — animal-derived, not botanical
animalic · musky · sweet · warm
ingredient丁香 dīngxiāng
Clove (丁香) — Warm Spice Note
Syzygium aromaticum
spicy · warm · aromatic
ingredient古巴香脂 gǔbā xiāngzhī
Copaiba (古巴香脂) — Amazon Resin
Copaifera spp. (resin)
woody · balsamic · resinous · slightly sweet
ingredient芫荽籽 yánsuī zǐ
Coriander Seed (芫荽籽) — Citrus Spice
Coriandrum sativum
citrus · woody · spicy · floral
ingredient木香 mùxiāng
Costus (木香) — Earthy Root
Saussurea costus (syn. Dolomiaea costus, Aucklandia lappa)
earthy · woody · musky · animalic
ingredient荜澄茄 bìchéngqié
Cubeb (荜澄茄) — Peppery Spice
Piper cubeba
spicy · peppery · woody · camphoraceous
ingredient孜然 zīrán
Cumin (孜然) — Western Regions Spice
Cuminum cyminum
warm · spicy · earthy · slightly bitter
ingredient香附子 xiāngfùzǐ
Cyperus (香附子) — Sedge Root
Cyperus rotundus
woody · spicy · earthy · smoky
ingredient柏子 bǎizǐ
Cypress Seed (柏子) — Scholar's Incense
Platycladus orientalis
roasted · nutty · woody · resinous
ingredient瑞香 ruìxiāng
Daphne (瑞香) — Winter Daphne
Daphne odora
sweet · floral · spicy · green
ingredient莳萝 shíluó
Dill (莳萝) — Aromatic Spice Herb
Anethum graveolens
herbal · fresh · anise-like · slightly sweet
ingredient当归 dāngguī
Dong Quai (当归) — Aromatic Root
Angelica sinensis
herbal · sweet · warm · slightly spicy
ingredient血竭 xuèjié
Dragon's Blood (血竭) — Red Resin
Daemonorops draco (syn. Calamus draco) — the fruit resin
resinous · sweet · woody · balsamic
ingredient干姜 gānjiāng
Dried Ginger (干姜) — Warming Spice
Zingiber officinale
spicy · pungent · warm · slightly citrusy
ingredient香薷 xiāngrú
Elsholtzia (香薷) — Aromatic Herb
Elsholtzia ciliata
minty · herbal · spicy · slightly sweet
ingredient桉叶 ānyè
Eucalyptus (桉叶) — Camphoraceous Leaf
Eucalyptus globulus
camphoraceous · fresh · sharp · slightly medicinal · clean
ingredient佩兰 pèilán
Eupatorium (佩兰) — Fragrant Herb
Eupatorium fortunei
herbal · aromatic · sweet · fresh
ingredient小茴香 xiǎohuíxiāng
Fennel (小茴香) — Anise-Sweet Spice
Foeniculum vulgare
sweet · anise · warm · herbaceous
ingredient葫芦巴 húlúbā
Fenugreek (葫芦巴) — Sweet Spice Seed
Trigonella foenum-graecum
sweet · maple-like · nutty · slightly bitter
ingredient佛手 fóshǒu
Finger Citron (佛手)
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis
citrus · floral · sweet · bright
ingredient乳香 rǔxiāng
Frankincense (乳香) — Ritual Resin
Boswellia spp. (B. sacra, B. serrata, B. carterii)
resinous · citrus · earthy · creamy
ingredient高良姜 gāoliángjiāng
Galangal (高良姜) — Ginger Root Spice
Alpinia officinarum
spicy · gingery · camphoraceous · woody
ingredient白松香 báisōngxiāng
Galbanum (白松香) — Green Balsamic Resin
Ferula gummosa
green · balsamic · earthy · sharp
ingredient栀子花 zhīzihuā
Gardenia (栀子花) — Creamy White Floral
Gardenia jasminoides
sweet · creamy · white-floral · heady
ingredient银杏 yínxìng
Ginkgo Nut (银杏) — Living-Fossil Seed
Ginkgo biloba
nutty · sweet · mild · slightly bitter
ingredient葡萄柚 pútáoyòu
Grapefruit (葡萄柚)
Citrus × paradisi
citrus · fresh · bittersweet · green · slightly woody
ingredient蜂蜜 fēngmì
Honey (蜂蜜) — Blending Binder
Apis mellifera (honey bee) — bee product
sweet · floral · warm · caramel
ingredient金银花 jīnyínhuā
Honeysuckle (金银花) — Sweet Floral
Lonicera japonica
sweet · floral · honeyed · green
ingredient茉莉 mòlì
Jasmine (茉莉花) — Sweet Floral
Jasminum sambac (and other Jasminum spp.)
sweet · floral · heady
ingredient降真香 jiàngzhēnxiāng
Jiangzhenxiang (降真香) — Resinous Wood
Acronychia pedunculata (classical); cf. Dalbergia odorifera (modern conflation)
woody · sweet · resinous · subtle
ingredient杜松 dùsōng
Juniper (杜松) — Modern Aromatic Wood
Juniperus communis
woody · piney · resinous · fresh
ingredient草豆蔻 cǎodòukòu
Katsumadai (草豆蔻) — Alpinia Seed
Alpinia katsumadae (syn. Alpinia hainanensis)
camphoraceous · spicy · warm · slightly bitter
ingredient金橘 jīnjú
Kumquat (金橘) — Fragrant Citrus Fruit
Citrus japonica (syn. Fortunella japonica)
citrus · sweet · floral · bright
ingredient岩蔷薇 yánqiángwēi
Labdanum (岩蔷薇)
Cistus ladanifer (gum rockrose)
resinous · balsamic · leathery · amber
ingredient薰衣草 xūnyīcǎo
Lavender (薰衣草) — Floral Herb
Lavandula angustifolia
floral · herbal · fresh · camphoraceous
ingredient柠檬 níngméng
Lemon (柠檬)
Citrus × limon
citrus · bright · zesty · sweet · slightly sour
ingredient香蜂草 xiāngfēngcǎo
Lemon Balm (香蜂草) — Lemony Mint Herb
Melissa officinalis
lemony · herbal · fresh · slightly sweet · green
ingredient甘草 gāncǎo
Licorice (甘草) — Sweetening Root
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
sweet · woody · earthy · slightly bitter
ingredient藁本 gǎoběn
Ligusticum (藁本) — Aromatic Root Herb
Ligusticum sinense
herbal · aromatic · spicy · woody
ingredient铃兰 línglán
Lily of the Valley (铃兰)
Convallaria majalis
floral · green · sweet · fresh · delicate
ingredient零陵香 línglíngxiāng
Linglingxiang (零陵香) — Sweet Herb
Lysimachia foenum-graecum
sweet · hay-like · herbaceous · coumarin
ingredient荔枝壳 lìzhī ké
Litchi Husk (荔枝壳) — Fruity Peel
Litchi chinensis (the husk / pericarp)
fruity · sweet · floral · woody
ingredient荜茇 bìbá
Long Pepper (荜茇) — Warming Spice
Piper longum
spicy · pungent · warm · sweet
ingredient莲花 liánhuā
Lotus Flower (莲花)
Nelumbo nucifera
floral · sweet · aquatic · fresh
ingredient辛夷 xīnyí
Magnolia Flower (辛夷) — Spicy Floral
Magnolia biondii (Flora of China: Yulania biondii)
floral · spicy · green · slightly camphoraceous
ingredient玛蹄脂 mǎtízhī
Mastic (玛蹄脂) — Fresh Piney Resin
Pistacia lentiscus
resinous · piney · fresh · balsamic
ingredient薄荷 bòhé
Mint (薄荷) — Cooling Herb
Mentha haplocalyx (syn. Mentha canadensis)
cooling · minty · fresh · sweet
ingredient山鸡椒 shānjījiāo
Mountain Pepper (山鸡椒) — Litsea Cubeba
Litsea cubeba
citrus · lemony · spicy · floral
ingredient艾草 àicǎo
Mugwort (艾草) — Chinese Tradition
Artemisia spp. (A. argyi, A. vulgaris)
herbal · bitter-green · camphoraceous
ingredient桑叶 sāngyè
Mulberry Leaf (桑叶)
Morus alba (the leaves)
green · fresh · tea-like · slightly sweet
ingredient麝香 shèxiāng
Musk (麝香) — Historical Animal Fixative
Moschus spp. (musk deer) — an animal secretion, not botanical
animalic · musky · sweet · warm
ingredient芥子 jièzǐ
Mustard Seed (芥子) — Pungent Spice Seed
Sinapis alba (white mustard); Brassica juncea (brown/leaf mustard)
pungent · sharp · spicy · green
ingredient没药 mòyào
Myrrh (没药) — Bitter Resin
Commiphora myrrha (and other Commiphora spp.)
balsamic · earthy · bitter · medicinal
ingredient橙花 chénghuā
Neroli (橙花) — Orange Blossom
Citrus aurantium (the flower)
floral · citrus · sweet · green
ingredient肉豆蔻 ròudòukòu
Nutmeg (肉豆蔻) — Warm Spice Seed
Myristica fragrans
warm · spicy · sweet · woody
ingredient甲香 jiǎxiāng
Onycha (甲香)
operculum of marine gastropods (mollusc) — animal-derived, not botanical
marine · briny · animalic · musky
ingredient陈皮 chénpí
Orange Peel (陈皮) — Aged Peel
Citrus reticulata (aged mandarin/tangerine peel)
citrus · bittersweet · woody
ingredient兰花 lánhuā
Orchid (兰花) — Cymbidium Flower
Cymbidium ensifolium
floral · sweet · green · delicate
ingredient鸢尾根 yuānwěi gēn
Orris Root (鸢尾根) — Perfume Fixative
Iris germanica / I. pallida (orris); cf. Iris tectorum (Chinese iris)
powdery · floral · violet · woody
ingredient桂花 guìhuā
Osmanthus (桂花) — Sweet Floral
Osmanthus fragrans
sweet · floral · apricot · honey
ingredient排草 páicǎo
Paicao (排草) — Aromatic Herb
Lysimachia capillipes
herbal · sweet · hay-like · woody
ingredient广藿香 guǎnghuòxiāng
Patchouli (广藿香) — Earthy Leaf
Pogostemon cablin
earthy · woody · balsamic · spicy
ingredient芍药 sháoyào
Peony (芍药)
Paeonia lactiflora
floral · rosy · sweet · green
ingredient胡椒 hújiāo
Pepper (胡椒) — Warm Spice
Piper nigrum
spicy · pungent · warm · woody
ingredient胡椒薄荷 hújiāo bòhé
Peppermint (胡椒薄荷) — Sharp Cooling Mint
Mentha × piperita
cooling · minty · sharp · camphoraceous · sweet
ingredient紫苏 zǐsū
Perilla (紫苏) — Aromatic Herb
Perilla frutescens
herbal · minty · sweet · anise-like
ingredient秘鲁香脂 bìlǔ xiāngzhī
Peru Balsam (秘鲁香脂) — Sweet Resin
Myroxylon balsamum
sweet · vanilla · balsamic · warm
ingredient松针 sōngzhēn
Pine Needles (松针)
Pinus spp. (the needles/leaves)
piney · conifer · fresh · green
ingredient松香 sōngxiāng
Pine Resin (松香) — Woody Resin
Pinus spp. (rosin / colophony from pine oleoresin)
piney · woody · balsamic · resinous
ingredient梅花 méihuā
Plum Blossom (梅花) — Winter Flower
Prunus mume (syn. Armeniaca mume)
delicate · sweet · almondy · green-floral
ingredient柚皮 yòupí
Pomelo Peel (柚皮) — Citrus Peel
Citrus maxima (pomelo peel)
citrus · bittersweet · floral · woody
ingredient木瓜 mùguā
Quince (木瓜) — Fragrant Scholar's Fruit
Pseudocydonia sinensis (syn. Chaenomeles sinensis)
fruity · sweet · floral · tart
ingredient紫檀 zǐtán
Red Sandalwood (紫檀) — Crimson Dye Wood
Pterocarpus santalinus
woody · sweet · rosy · spicy
ingredient玫瑰 méiguī
Rose (玫瑰) — Sweet Floral
Rosa rugosa (Chinese rose); also Rosa damascena
sweet · floral · romantic
ingredient迷迭香 mídiéxiāng
Rosemary (迷迭香) — Camphoraceous Herb
Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
herbal · camphoraceous · fresh · woody
ingredient芸香 yúnxiāng
Rue (芸香) — Bitter Aromatic Herb
Ruta graveolens
bitter · herbal · green · woody
ingredient鼠尾草 shǔwěicǎo
Sage (鼠尾草) — Savory Herb
Salvia officinalis
herbal · camphoraceous · green · slightly peppery
ingredient山柰 shānnài
Sand Ginger (山柰) — Aromatic Rhizome
Kaempferia galanga
camphoraceous · spicy · earthy · floral
ingredient檀香 tánxiāng
Sandalwood (檀香) — Use vs Evidence
Santalum album (and other Santalum spp.)
creamy · sweet · soft · woody
ingredient五味子 wǔwèizǐ
Schisandra (五味子) — Five-Flavor Berry
Schisandra chinensis
fruity · berry · sour · slightly woody
ingredient荆芥 jīngjiè
Schizonepeta (荆芥) — Aromatic Herb
Schizonepeta tenuifolia (syn. Nepeta tenuifolia)
herbal · minty · spicy · fresh
ingredient益智仁 yìzhì rén
Sharp-Leaf Galangal (益智仁)
Alpinia oxyphylla
spicy · warm · camphoraceous · slightly sweet
ingredient紫草茸 zǐcǎoróng
Shellac (紫草茸) — Lac Resin
Kerria lacca (lac insect; formerly Laccifer lacca) — lac resin
resinous · waxy · subtle · slightly sweet
ingredient蜀椒 shǔjiāo
Sichuan Pepper (蜀椒) — Prickly Ash
Zanthoxylum bungeanum
spicy · citrus · numbing · woody
ingredient合欢花 héhuān huā
Silk Tree Flower (合欢花)
Albizia julibrissin
sweet · floral · delicate · slightly powdery
ingredient槐花 huáihuā
Sophora Flower (槐花) — Sweet Blossom
Styphnolobium japonicum (syn. Sophora japonica)
sweet · floral · delicate · honey-like
ingredient素馨 sùxīn
Spanish Jasmine (素馨)
Jasminum grandiflorum
sweet · floral · heady · green
ingredient留兰香 liúlánxiāng
Spearmint (留兰香) — Sweet Cooling Mint
Mentha spicata
cooling · minty · sweet · fresh · green
ingredient甘松 gānsōng
Spikenard (甘松) — Himalayan Root
Nardostachys jatamansi
earthy · woody · sweet · musky
ingredient八角 bājiǎo
Star Anise (八角) — Culinary Spice
Illicium verum
sweet · licorice · warm · spicy
ingredient苏合香 sūhéxiāng
Storax (苏合香) — Imported Resin
Liquidambar orientalis (Oriental sweetgum / storax)
sweet · balsamic · resinous · warm
ingredient青蒿 qīnghāo
Sweet Wormwood (青蒿)
Artemisia annua
herbal · camphoraceous · fresh · slightly sweet
ingredient枫香 fēngxiāng
Sweetgum (枫香) — Sweet Resin
Liquidambar formosana (Chinese sweetgum); cf. L. orientalis (storax)
sweet · balsamic · resinous · warm
ingredient龙蒿 lónghāo
Tarragon (龙蒿) — Anise-Like Artemisia
Artemisia dracunculus
herbal · anise-like · green · slightly sweet
ingredient崖柏 yábǎi
Thuja (崖柏) — Fragrant Endemic Conifer
Thuja sutchuenensis
woody · cedar-like · resinous · slightly smoky
ingredient百里香 bǎilǐxiāng
Thyme (百里香) — Culinary Herb
Thymus vulgaris
herbal · green · spicy · slightly medicinal
ingredient香榧 xiāngfěi
Torreya (香榧) — Fragrant Nut Seed
Torreya grandis
nutty · woody · resinous · roasted
ingredient牡丹 mǔdān
Tree Peony (牡丹) — Floral King
Paeonia suffruticosa
floral · rosy · sweet · green
ingredient牡丹皮 mǔdān pí
Tree Peony Bark (牡丹皮) — Root Bark
Paeonia suffruticosa (root bark)
rooty · earthy · woody · faintly floral
ingredient草果 cǎoguǒ
Tsaoko (草果) — Smoky Aromatic Fruit
Amomum tsao-ko (FOC: Amomum tsaoko; syn. Lanxangia tsao-ko)
smoky · spicy · camphoraceous · warm
ingredient晚香玉 wǎnxiāngyù
Tuberose (晚香玉) — Night-Fragrant Flower
Agave amica (syn. Polianthes tuberosa)
sweet · floral · creamy · heady
ingredient姜黄 jiānghuáng
Turmeric (姜黄) — Earthy Rhizome
Curcuma longa
earthy · warm · spicy · bitter
ingredient缬草 xiécǎo
Valerian (缬草) — Earthy Root
Valeriana officinalis
earthy · musky · woody · rooty
ingredient香草荚 xiāngcǎo jiá
Vanilla Bean (香草荚) — Fragrant Pod
Vanilla planifolia
sweet · creamy · warm · gourmand
ingredient岩兰草 yánláncǎo
Vetiver (岩兰草) — Earthy Root Note
Chrysopogon zizanioides (syn. Vetiveria zizanioides)
earthy · woody · smoky · warm
ingredient紫罗兰 zǐluólán
Violet (紫罗兰) — Powdery Flower
Viola odorata
floral · sweet · powdery · green
ingredient蜡梅 làmèi
Wintersweet (蜡梅) — Winter Floral
Chimonanthus praecox
sweet · floral · honeyed · waxy
ingredient依兰 yīlán
Ylang-Ylang (依兰) — Tropical Flower
Cananga odorata
floral · sweet · creamy · slightly fruity
ingredient玉兰 yùlán
Yulan Magnolia (玉兰)
Magnolia denudata
floral · fresh · green · slightly lemony
ingredient莪术 ézhú
Zedoary (莪术) — Medicinal Rhizome
Curcuma zedoaria (cf. Curcuma phaeocaulis)
earthy · camphoraceous · warm · slightly bitter
ingredient泽兰 zélán
Zelan (泽兰) — Fragrant Eupatorium Herb
Eupatorium japonicum
herbal · aromatic · fresh · slightly sweet
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